How the emergency pill works?

03/24/2022

Emergency oral contraception works primarily by delaying ovulation. Hormone-based medications such as levonorgestrel pills may prevent pregnancy by temporarily blocking eggs from being released, by stopping fertilization, or by keeping a fertilized egg from becoming implanted in the uterus.

How the emergency pill works

Levonelle

Levonelle contains levonorgestrel, a synthetic (man-made) version of the natural hormone progesterone produced by the ovaries.

Taking it's thought to stop or delay the release of an egg (ovulation).

Levonelle has to be taken within 72 hours (3 days) of sex to prevent pregnancy. It doesn't interfere with your regular method of contraception.

ellaOne

ellaOne contains ulipristal acetate, which stops progesterone from working normally. This also works by stopping or delaying the release of an egg.

ellaOne has to be taken within 120 hours (5 days) of sex to prevent pregnancy.

If you take Levonelle or ellaOne

Levonelle and ellaOne don't continue to protect you against pregnancy - if you have unprotected sex at any time after taking the emergency pill, you can become pregnant.

They aren't intended to be used as a regular form of contraception. But you can use emergency contraception more than once in a menstrual cycle if you need to.

Who can use the emergency pill?

Most women can use the emergency contraceptive pill. This includes women who can't use hormonal contraception, such as the combined pill and contraceptive patch. Girls under 16 years old can also use it.

But you may not be able to take the emergency contraceptive pill if you're allergic to anything in it, have severe asthma or take any medicines that may interact with it, such as:

  • the herbal medicine St John's Wort
  • some medicines used to treat epilepsy, HIV or tuberculosis (TB)
  • medicine to make your stomach less acidic, such as omeprazole
  • some less commonly used antibiotics (rifampicin and rifabutin)

ellaOne can't be used if you're already taking one of these medicines, as it may not work. Levonelle may still be used, but the dose may need to be increased.

Tell a GP, nurse or pharmacist what medicines you're taking, and they can advise you if they're safe to take with the emergency contraceptive pill.

You can also read the patient information leaflet that comes with your medicine for more information.

Breastfeeding

Levonelle is safe to take while breastfeeding. Although small amounts of the hormones in the pill may pass into your breast milk, it's not thought to be harmful to your baby.

The safety of ellaOne during breastfeeding isn't yet known. The manufacturer recommends that you don't breastfeed for one week after taking this pill.

If you're already using regular contraception

You may need to take the emergency pill if you:

  • forgot to take some of your regular contraceptive pills
  • didn't use your contraceptive patch or vaginal ring correctly
  • were late having your contraceptive implant or contraceptive injection

If you have taken Levonelle, you should:

  • take your next contraceptive pill, apply a new patch or insert a new ring within 12 hours of taking the emergency pill
  • continue taking your regular contraceptive pill as normal

Use additional contraception, such as condoms, for:

  • 7 days if you use the patch, ring, combined pill (except Qlaira), implant or injection
  • 9 days for the combined pill Qlaira
  • 2 days if you use the progestogen-only pill

If you have taken ellaOne:

  • wait at least 5 days before taking your next contraceptive pill, applying a new patch or inserting a new ring

Use additional contraception, such as condoms, until you restart your contraception and for an additional:

  • 7 days if you use the patch, ring, combined pill (except Qlaira), implant or injection
  • 9 days for the combined pill Qlaira
  • 2 days if you use the progestogen-only pill

A GP or nurse can advise further on when you can start taking regular contraception and how long you should use additional contraception.

Side effects of using the emergency pill

There are no serious or long-term side effects from taking the emergency contraceptive pill.

But it can cause:

  • headaches
  • tummy pain
  • changes to your next period - it can be earlier, later or more painful than usual
  • feeling or being sick - get medical attention if you're sick within 2 hours of taking Levonelle or 3 hours of taking ellaOne, as you'll need to take another dose or have an IUD fitted

See a GP or nurse if your symptoms don't go away after a few days or if:

  • you think you might be pregnant
  • your next period is more than 7 days late
  • your period is shorter or lighter than usual
  • you have sudden pain in your lower tummy - in rare cases, a fertilised egg may have implanted outside the womb (ectopic pregnancy)

Can I get the emergency contraceptive pill in advance?

You can get the emergency contraceptive pill in advance of having unprotected sex if:

  • you're worried about your contraceptive method failing
  • you're going on holiday
  • you can't get hold of emergency contraception easily

See a GP or nurse for further advice on getting advance emergency contraception. You can also talk to them about your options for regular methods of contraception.

How the IUD works as emergency contraception

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped plastic and copper device that's put into your womb (uterus) by a doctor or nurse.

It releases copper to stop the egg implanting in your womb or being fertilised.

The IUD can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex, or up to 5 days after the earliest time you could have ovulated (released an egg), to prevent pregnancy.

You can also choose to have the IUD left in as an ongoing method of contraception.

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